Explore a comprehensive list of top bass guitar brands including Fender, Gibson, Music Man, Ibanez, and more. Discover the perfect bass guitar for jazz or metal music.
Popular Bass Guitar Brands
When it comes to popular bass guitar brands, there are a few names that stand out in the industry. These brands have been around for decades and have gained a solid reputation among bassists worldwide. Let’s take a closer look at some of the most popular bass guitar brands that every bassist should know about.
Fender
Fender is a name that needs no introduction in the world of guitars. The company has been producing high-quality instruments since the 1950s and has become synonymous with electric guitars. But Fender is equally renowned for its bass guitars. The Fender Precision Bass, also known as the P-Bass, revolutionized the way bassists played and shaped the sound of popular music. With its iconic design and versatile tone, the Fender Precision Bass continues to be a top choice for bass players of all genres.
Gibson
Gibson is another legendary brand that has left an indelible mark on the world of bass guitars. Known for their craftsmanship and attention to detail, Gibson basses offer a rich and warm tone that is loved by many bassists. The Gibson Thunderbird bass, with its distinctive body shape and dual humbucking pickups, has become an iconic instrument in the rock and metal genres. Gibson also offers the EB Bass series, which provides a more modern take on their classic designs, catering to a wide range of playing styles.
Music Man
Music Man bass guitars are highly regarded for their exceptional build quality and innovative features. Founded by Leo Fender himself, Music Man became known for pushing the boundaries of bass guitar design. The StingRay bass, introduced in the 1970s, quickly gained popularity for its powerful sound and versatile tone shaping options. Music Man basses are favored by many professional bassists for their playability and unique tonal characteristics.
Ibanez
Ibanez is a brand that has gained significant popularity among bass players, especially in the rock and metal genres. Known for their sleek and modern designs, Ibanez basses offer fast necks and a wide range of tonal options. The SR series, in particular, has become a favorite among bassists for its comfortable playability and versatile sound. Ibanez basses are often praised for their affordability without compromising on quality.
Rickenbacker
Rickenbacker basses have a distinctive sound and appearance that sets them apart from other brands. Their unique combination of single-coil pickups and semi-hollow body construction delivers a bright and punchy tone that has been favored by many legendary bassists. The Rickenbacker 4003, in particular, has become an iconic instrument in the world of rock and has been used by bassists such as Paul McCartney and Lemmy Kilmister. Rickenbacker basses are known for their high-quality craftsmanship and attention to detail.
Vintage Bass Guitar Brands
Hofner
When it comes to vintage bass guitar brands, Hofner is definitely a name that stands out. With a history dating back to 1887, Hofner has established itself as one of the most iconic and respected brands in the industry. Known for their distinctive violin-shaped bodies, Hofner bass guitars have been played by legendary musicians such as Paul McCartney of The Beatles.
Hofner bass guitars are renowned for their warm and rich tone, making them a popular choice among bass players looking for that classic vintage sound. The company offers a wide range of models to suit different playing styles and preferences. Whether you’re a beginner or a professional, there’s a Hofner bass guitar that will meet your needs.
Höfner
It’s worth mentioning that Hofner is sometimes spelled as Höfner. This is simply a variation in spelling, but it refers to the same brand. So if you come across the name Höfner, don’t be confused – it’s just another way of referring to the iconic Hofner bass guitars.
Gretsch
Another vintage bass guitar brand that deserves recognition is Gretsch. Founded in 1883, Gretsch has a long history of producing high-quality instruments. While they may be more commonly associated with their guitars, Gretsch bass guitars are equally impressive.
Gretsch bass guitars are known for their unique design and exceptional craftsmanship. They offer a range of models that cater to various musical genres and playing styles. Whether you’re into rock, jazz, or blues, you can find a Gretsch bass guitar that will deliver the tone and performance you’re looking for.
Danelectro
For those seeking a vintage bass guitar with a touch of retro charm, Danelectro is a brand worth considering. Founded in the late 1940s, Danelectro quickly gained popularity for its affordable yet high-quality instruments. Their bass guitars have a distinctive look and feel that sets them apart from other brands.
Danelectro bass guitars are known for their lightweight construction and unique sound. With their Lipstick pickups and masonite bodies, these instruments offer a quirky and distinctive tone that is loved by many musicians. Whether you’re a fan of indie rock, surf music, or alternative genres, a Danelectro bass guitar can help you achieve that vintage sound you’re after.
Kay
Last but certainly not least, we have Kay bass guitars. Established in the 1930s, Kay has a rich history of producing affordable yet reliable instruments. While they may not be as widely recognized as some other brands, Kay bass guitars have earned a loyal following among musicians.
Kay bass guitars are known for their solid construction and versatile sound. Whether you’re a beginner looking for your first bass guitar or an experienced player searching for a backup instrument, Kay offers a range of options to suit different budgets and preferences. Their instruments deliver a warm and punchy tone that can be tailored to fit various musical styles.
Affordable Bass Guitar Brands
Squier
Squier is a brand that is well-known for offering affordable bass guitars without compromising on quality. As a subsidiary of Fender, Squier has made a name for itself by producing instruments that capture the essence of Fender’s iconic designs at a more budget-friendly price point.
One of the standout models from Squier is the Squier Affinity Series Precision Bass. This bass guitar combines classic styling with modern features, making it a great choice for beginners and intermediate players alike. The Affinity Series Precision Bass features a comfortable “C”-shaped neck, a split single-coil pickup, and a solid build quality that ensures it will withstand the rigors of regular playing.
Yamaha
Yamaha is a brand that is synonymous with quality and reliability, and their bass guitars are no exception. Yamaha offers a range of bass guitars that cater to players of all skill levels, including those on a budget.
One popular affordable bass guitar from Yamaha is the Yamaha TRBX174. This bass guitar features a sleek design, a comfortable neck, and a versatile sound that can handle a wide range of musical genres. With its solid construction and reliable hardware, the TRBX174 is a great option for beginners looking to get started on their bass-playing journey.
Gibson Home Oslo Porcelain Chip and Scratch Resistant Dinnerware Set, Service for 4 (16pcs), WhiteEpiphone
Epiphone is a brand that has long been associated with producing high-quality yet affordable guitars. While they are primarily known for their electric guitars, Epiphone also offers a selection of bass guitars that are worth considering for those on a budget.
The Epiphone Toby Standard-IV is a standout bass guitar from the brand. Designed in collaboration with renowned bassist Michael Tobias, this bass guitar offers a comfortable playing experience and a versatile range of tones. With its unique body shape and powerful pickups, the Toby Standard-IV is a great choice for players who want a distinctive look and sound without breaking the bank.
Sterling by Music Man
Sterling by Music Man is a brand that offers affordable alternatives to the high-end instruments produced by its parent company, Music Man. Despite the lower price point, Sterling bass guitars maintain the same level of quality and craftsmanship that Music Man is renowned for.
The Sterling by Music Man SUB Ray4 is a popular choice among bass players looking for a budget-friendly option. This bass guitar features a comfortable neck, a versatile pickup configuration, and a solid build quality that ensures it will stand up to regular use. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player on a budget, the SUB Ray4 offers excellent value for money.
Dean
Dean is a brand that is known for producing guitars with a focus on heavy metal and rock music. While they are often associated with high-performance instruments, Dean also offers a selection of affordable bass guitars that cater to players on a budget.
The Dean E09M Edge Mahogany is a great option for those looking for an affordable bass guitar with a heavy sound. This bass guitar features a mahogany body, a comfortable neck profile, and a powerful pickup configuration that delivers aggressive tones. Whether you’re a beginner looking to dive into the world of heavy music or an experienced player on a budget, the Dean E09M Edge Mahogany is worth considering.
Overall, these affordable bass guitar brands offer a range of options for players who are looking for quality instruments without breaking the bank. Whether you’re a beginner just starting out or an experienced player on a budget, Squier, Yamaha, Epiphone, Sterling by Music Man, and Dean have models that will meet your needs and provide a solid foundation for your bass-playing journey.
Boutique Bass Guitar Brands
When it comes to bass guitars, there are several boutique brands that stand out from the crowd. These brands are known for their exceptional craftsmanship, attention to detail, and unique designs. In this section, we will take a closer look at some of the most popular boutique bass guitar brands in the industry: Sadowsky, Lakland, Warwick, Dingwall, and Fodera.
Sadowsky
Sadowsky is a brand that has been synonymous with high-quality bass guitars for over four decades. Founded by Roger Sadowsky in New York City, the company has gained a reputation for building instruments of unparalleled craftsmanship. Each Sadowsky bass guitar is meticulously handcrafted, ensuring that every detail is perfect.
One of the key features that sets Sadowsky bass guitars apart is their versatile tonal range. Whether you’re playing funk, jazz, rock, or any other genre, a Sadowsky bass will deliver the perfect sound. The company’s attention to detail extends to the electronics as well, with their proprietary preamp system offering a wide range of tonal options.
Lakland
Lakland bass guitars have become a favorite among professional bassists around the world. The company was founded in Chicago by Dan Lakin and Hugh McFarland, who set out to create instruments that combine vintage aesthetics with modern playability. Lakland basses are known for their sleek designs, comfortable neck profiles, and exceptional tone.
One of the standout features of Lakland bass guitars is their use of high-quality pickups. The company collaborates with renowned pickup designer Bartolini to create pickups that deliver a wide range of tones. Whether you prefer a warm, sound or a punchy, modern tone, Lakland basses have you covered.
Warwick
Warwick bass guitars are a symbol of German engineering at its finest. Founded in 1982 by Hans-Peter Wilfer, the company has grown to become one of the most respected names in the bass guitar industry. Warwick basses are known for their distinctive shapes, solid build quality, and exceptional playability.
One of the unique selling points of Warwick bass guitars is their use of exotic tonewoods. The company sources high-quality woods from around the world, including bubinga, wenge, and ovangkol, to create instruments with a rich, resonant tone. Additionally, Warwick offers a wide range of customization options, allowing players to create their own unique instrument.
Dingwall
Dingwall bass guitars are known for their innovative design and extended range capabilities. Founded by Sheldon Dingwall in Canada, the company specializes in multi-scale instruments that offer improved string tension and intonation. Dingwall basses are a favorite among bassists who play in low tunings or require extended range options.
One of the key features of Dingwall bass guitars is their fanned fret design. This unique feature allows for optimal string tension across the fretboard, resulting in improved playability and intonation. Additionally, Dingwall basses are equipped with custom-made pickups that deliver a powerful and articulate tone.
Fodera
Fodera bass guitars are the epitome of luxury and craftsmanship. Founded by Vinny Fodera and Joey Lauricella in Brooklyn, New York, the company has built a reputation for handcrafting some of the finest bass guitars in the world. Fodera instruments are known for their impeccable build quality, exquisite tonewoods, and exceptional attention to detail.
One of the standout features of Fodera bass guitars is their versatility. Each instrument is designed to offer a wide range of tonal options, allowing players to dial in the perfect sound for any musical style. Additionally, Fodera offers a high level of customization, allowing players to choose everything from the tonewoods to the electronics.
Signature Bass Guitar Brands
When it comes to signature bass guitar brands, there are a few names that stand out from the crowd. These brands have created iconic instruments that have become synonymous with the musicians who play them. From the powerful sound of the Ernie Ball Music Man StingRay to the smooth tones of the Fender Jazz Bass, each brand offers something unique and special. Let’s take a closer look at some of the signature bass guitar brands that have left a lasting impact on the music industry.
Ernie Ball Music Man – StingRay
The Ernie Ball Music Man StingRay is a true classic in the world of bass guitars. Designed by Leo Fender and introduced in 1976, the StingRay quickly became known for its powerful sound and distinctive look. With its single humbucking pickup and active electronics, the StingRay delivers a punchy, focused tone that is perfect for a wide range of musical styles. Whether you’re playing funk, rock, or metal, the StingRay can handle it all. The bass features a comfortable neck and smooth playability, making it a favorite among bassists around the world.
Fender – Jazz Bass
The Fender Jazz Bass is another iconic bass guitar that has stood the test of time. Introduced in 1960, the Jazz Bass was designed to complement the sound of its sister guitar, the Fender Jazzmaster. With its slim neck and versatile pickups, the Jazz Bass offers a wide range of tonal possibilities. It has been a popular choice among jazz musicians, but its versatility has also made it a favorite in other genres such as rock, funk, and fusion. The Jazz Bass has a smooth and balanced sound that can cut through the mix or provide a warm, mellow tone when needed.
Gibson – Thunderbird
For those looking for a bass guitar with a unique and powerful sound, the Gibson Thunderbird is an excellent choice. Introduced in the 1960s, the Thunderbird features a distinctive reverse body shape and dual humbucking pickups. This combination gives the Thunderbird a rich, deep tone with plenty of sustain. The Thunderbird has been a favorite among rock and metal bassists for its aggressive sound and striking appearance. Its solid construction and high-quality materials ensure that it can withstand the demands of heavy playing and deliver a thunderous performance every time.
Ibanez – GSRM20 Mikro
If you’re in search of a signature bass guitar that is compact and easy to play, the Ibanez GSRM20 Mikro is worth considering. Designed with beginners and younger players in mind, the Mikro offers a shorter scale length and a smaller body size. Despite its smaller size, the Mikro still delivers a full and rich sound. It features a comfortable neck and smooth fretboard, making it easy to navigate for players with smaller hands. The Mikro is an excellent choice for those looking for a portable and versatile bass guitar that doesn’t compromise on quality.
Yamaha – BB Series
The Yamaha BB Series is known for its exceptional build quality and versatility. With a history dating back to the 1970s, the BB Series has become a staple in the bass guitar world. These instruments are known for their balanced sound and excellent playability. The BB Series offers a range of models to suit different playing styles and preferences. Whether you prefer a vintage-inspired sound or a modern punchy tone, there’s a Yamaha BB bass guitar for you. Yamaha’s attention to detail and commitment to craftsmanship make the BB Series a top choice for professional bassists.
Lesser-Known Bass Guitar Brands
If you’re a bass guitar enthusiast, you’re probably familiar with popular brands like Fender, Gibson, and Ibanez. But what about the lesser-known bass guitar brands that may not always be in the spotlight? In this section, we’ll explore some hidden gems in the bass guitar world that are worth your attention. From Spector to Cort, these brands may not always be the first to come to mind, but they certainly deserve recognition for their unique offerings and exceptional craftsmanship.
Spector
Spector is a brand that has been producing high-quality bass guitars for over four decades. Founded in the late 1970s by Stuart Spector, this American company has gained a loyal following among bass players for their innovative designs and distinctive sound.
One of Spector’s most iconic bass guitars is the NS-2, which features a neck-through construction for improved sustain and resonance. The NS-2 also boasts active electronics that allow for versatile tonal options, making it a favorite among both studio musicians and live performers.
Spector basses are known for their sleek and modern aesthetics, often featuring unique body shapes and eye-catching finishes. Whether you’re into rock, funk, or jazz, Spector offers a range of bass guitars that cater to different playing styles and musical genres.
Schecter
Schecter may not be a household name in the bass guitar world, but it’s a brand that has been quietly making waves since its inception in the 1970s. Originally known for their high-quality replacement parts, Schecter eventually ventured into producing their own line of guitars and basses.
What sets Schecter bass guitars apart is their attention to detail and commitment to craftsmanship. Each instrument is meticulously crafted with precision and care, resulting in exceptional playability and tone.
One notable bass guitar from Schecter is the Stiletto series. With its sleek design and powerful pickups, the Stiletto is a versatile instrument that can handle anything from heavy to smooth jazz. The extended range options also make Schecter basses a go-to choice for players who want to explore lower tunings or experiment with different sonic possibilities.
ESP
ESP is a Japanese brand that has gained a strong following among metal and rock bassists. Founded in the 1970s, ESP initially focused on producing replacement parts and custom guitars before expanding their product line to include bass guitars.
ESP bass guitars are known for their aggressive sound and sleek aesthetics. With models like the F-Series and B-Series, ESP caters to bass players who crave power, precision, and playability. The active pickups and fast neck profiles make ESP basses ideal for players who demand a high level of performance on stage or in the studio.
Notable ESP endorsees include musicians from bands like Metallica, Megadeth, and Slayer, further solidifying the brand’s reputation in the metal and rock genres. If you’re looking for a bass guitar that can handle the heaviest of riffs and thunderous basslines, ESP is a brand worth considering.
Mayones
Mayones is a Polish brand that has been gaining recognition in recent years for their exceptional craftsmanship and attention to detail. Founded in the early 1980s, Mayones started as a small guitar workshop and has since grown into a globally recognized brand.
Mayones bass guitars are known for their stunning aesthetics, with intricate woodwork and beautiful finishes. However, it’s not just the looks that set Mayones apart; their bass guitars are also praised for their tonal versatility and playability.
One popular model from Mayones is the Jabba series. With its classic design and powerful pickups, the Jabba is a favorite among bassists who appreciate a vintage-inspired sound with a modern twist. Mayones also offers a range of customization options, allowing players to tailor their bass guitar to their specific preferences.
Cort
Cort is a brand that may fly under the radar for many bass players, but it’s a brand that shouldn’t be overlooked. Founded in South Korea in the 1960s, Cort has been producing high-quality instruments for over five decades.
What makes Cort bass guitars stand out is their excellent value for money. Despite the relatively affordable price range, Cort doesn’t compromise on quality. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player on a budget, Cort offers bass guitars that deliver in terms of playability and sound.
Cort basses come in a variety of styles and configurations, catering to different playing preferences. From the versatile Action series to the powerful Artisan series, Cort has something for every bassist.
Bass Guitar Brands for Metal
Are you a fan of heavy metal music? Do you love the thunderous sound of a bass guitar that can shake the walls and make your heart pound? Well, you’re in luck! In this section, we will explore some of the best bass guitar brands that are perfect for metal music. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned pro, these brands offer the power, tone, and versatility that every metal bassist needs. Let’s dive in!
Warwick
When it comes to bass guitars for metal, Warwick is a name that stands out. Known for their high-quality craftsmanship and attention to detail, Warwick bass guitars have become a favorite among metal bassists around the world. With their distinctive body shapes, powerful pickups, and aggressive tone, Warwick bass guitars are designed to deliver the heavy low-end that metal music demands. From their affordable Rockbass series to their top-of-the-line Custom Shop models, Warwick offers a wide range of options to suit every budget and playing style.
ESP
Another brand that has made a name for itself in the metal world is ESP. Founded in Japan in 1975, ESP has become synonymous with heavy music. Their bass guitars are known for their sleek designs, fast necks, and aggressive sound. ESP basses are favored by many metal bassists for their ability to cut through the mix with clarity and precision. Whether you prefer the classic look of the ESP Vintage Series or the modern feel of the ESP E-II Series, you can always count on ESP to deliver the goods when it comes to bass.
Ibanez
When it comes to versatility and affordability, Ibanez is a brand that can’t be ignored. While they are known for their legendary electric guitars, Ibanez also offers a wide range of bass guitars that are perfect for metal. With their thin, fast necks and powerful pickups, Ibanez basses are built to handle the most intense playing styles. Whether you prefer a four-string or a five-string, Ibanez has got you covered. From their budget-friendly GSR series to their high-end Prestige models, Ibanez bass guitars offer exceptional playability and tone at every price point.
Jackson
If you’re looking for a bass guitar that can handle the most extreme metal genres, Jackson is a brand that you should definitely consider. With their aggressive body shapes, high-output pickups, and fast necks, Jackson bass guitars are built for speed and precision. Whether you’re shredding through fast-paced thrash metal riffs or delivering thunderous low-end in a death metal band, Jackson basses will never let you down. From their affordable X Series to their premium USA Select models, Jackson offers a wide range of options to suit every metal bassist’s needs.
Schecter
Last but certainly not least, we have Schecter. This brand has gained a strong following among metal musicians for their high-quality instruments and killer tone. Schecter bass guitars are known for their heavy, aggressive sound and their ability to handle low tunings with ease. With their sleek designs, powerful pickups, and rock-solid construction, Schecter basses are built to withstand the most intense playing sessions. Whether you’re a beginner or a professional, Schecter offers a wide range of bass guitars that are perfect for metal music.
(*Disclaimer: The information provided above is based on the popularity and reputation of the mentioned bass guitar brands in the metal music community. Individual preferences may vary, and it is always recommended to try out different instruments to find the one that suits your personal playing style and preferences.)
Bass Guitar Brands for Jazz
Fender
When it comes to bass guitars for jazz, Fender is a brand that needs no introduction. Fender has been at the forefront of the music industry for decades, and their bass guitars have become iconic in the jazz scene. With their signature smooth tone and impeccable craftsmanship, Fender bass guitars are a favorite among jazz musicians.
One of the most popular models from Fender is the Jazz Bass. This bass guitar features a sleek and comfortable design, allowing for easy playability. The Jazz Bass is known for its versatile sound, making it suitable for a wide range of musical styles, including jazz. Its bright and punchy tone is perfect for laying down groovy basslines that drive the rhythm section.
Fender bass guitars are known for their high-quality components and attention to detail. From the precision-machined hardware to the carefully selected tonewoods, every aspect of a Fender bass is crafted with the utmost care. This commitment to excellence is what sets Fender apart from other brands and makes their bass guitars a top choice for jazz musicians.
Music Man
Music Man is another brand that has made a name for itself in the world of jazz bass guitars. Known for their innovative designs and exceptional playability, Music Man basses are highly regarded by professionals and enthusiasts alike. Their bass guitars are known for their powerful sound and excellent tonal range, making them a choice for jazz musicians.
One notable model from Music Man is the StingRay. This bass guitar is known for its distinct tone and versatile sound. The StingRay features a solid body construction, allowing for enhanced sustain and resonance. With its active electronics and powerful pickup configuration, the StingRay can produce a wide range of tones, making it ideal for jazz players who require versatility in their sound.
Music Man bass guitars are crafted with precision and attention to detail. Each instrument is handcrafted by skilled artisans, ensuring that every bass that leaves their workshop meets the highest standards of quality. Whether you’re a professional jazz musician or a passionate hobbyist, a Music Man bass guitar will undoubtedly enhance your playing experience.
Sadowsky
When it comes to boutique bass guitar brands, Sadowsky is a name that cannot be overlooked. Sadowsky basses are known for their exceptional craftsmanship and attention to detail. These instruments are handcrafted by Roger Sadowsky himself and his team of skilled luthiers, making each bass a work of art.
Sadowsky bass guitars are highly regarded in the jazz community for their superb playability and exceptional tone. The combination of high-quality tonewoods, top-of-the-line electronics, and meticulous setup results in a bass guitar that is capable of producing rich, warm tones that are perfect for jazz music.
One of the most popular models from Sadowsky is the MetroLine. These bass guitars are designed to offer the same level of quality and playability as their high-end counterparts but at a more affordable price point. The MetroLine basses are crafted in Sadowsky’s Tokyo workshop, ensuring that they meet the brand’s high standards of craftsmanship.
Yamaha
Yamaha is a brand that is synonymous with quality and reliability. Their bass guitars have been trusted by musicians of all genres, including jazz players, for years. Yamaha bass guitars are known for their exceptional playability and versatile sound, making them a popular choice for both beginners and professionals.
One of the standout models from Yamaha is the BB series. These bass guitars feature a classic design that pays homage to the iconic basses of the past. The BB series offers a wide range of options, allowing players to find the perfect bass that suits their playing style and preferences. With their solid construction and high-quality components, Yamaha BB basses deliver a warm and punchy tone that is well-suited for jazz music.
In addition to their standard lineup, Yamaha also offers signature bass guitars in collaboration with renowned artists. These signature models are designed to meet the specific needs and preferences of the artists, ensuring that they deliver the perfect sound for jazz and other genres.
Ibanez
While Ibanez is often associated with rock and metal music, the brand also offers a range of bass guitars that are well-suited for jazz. Ibanez basses are known for their sleek designs, comfortable playability, and versatile sound. These qualities make them a choice among jazz musicians who value both style and substance.
One notable model from Ibanez is the SR series. These bass guitars feature a thin and lightweight body, making them incredibly comfortable to play. The SR series is known for its fast and smooth neck, allowing for effortless navigation across the fretboard. With their active electronics and versatile pickup configurations, SR basses can produce a wide range of tones, making them suitable for various musical styles, including jazz.
Ibanez is also known for its affordability, making their bass guitars a great choice for jazz players on a budget. Despite their lower price point, Ibanez basses maintain a high level of quality and performance, making them an excellent option for both beginners and experienced musicians.
In conclusion, when it comes to bass guitar brands for jazz, Fender, Music Man, Sadowsky, Yamaha, and Ibanez are all worth considering. Each brand offers its own unique characteristics and strengths, allowing jazz musicians to find the perfect bass guitar that suits their playing style and preferences. Whether you’re a professional looking for a high-end boutique instrument or a beginner on a budget, there is a bass guitar out there that will help you create the smooth and soulful sounds that define jazz music.
